Which type of insurer is owned by shareholders and has capital stock?

The type of insurer that is owned by shareholders and has capital stock is a stock company. In a stock company, the ownership is represented by shares of stock, allowing shareholders to participate in the profits and losses of the company. This structure also permits the issuance of stock to raise capital for the insurer's operations and growth. Shareholders may receive dividends based on the company's profitability, and they have voting rights that allow them to influence management decisions.

The other insurer types mentioned do not specifically describe the ownership structure involving shareholders and capital stock. An alien insurer refers to an insurer that is incorporated outside of the country where it is doing business; a foreign insurer is an insurer that is incorporated in one state but operating in another; while a domestic insurer is one that is incorporated and operates in the same state. None of these types inherently signify the ownership by shareholders or the capital stock structure that characterizes a stock company.